| Simultaneous Measurement of Water Volume and pH in Single Cells Using BCECF and Fluorescence Imaging Microscopy Biophysical Journal, Volume 90, Issue 2, 15 January 2006, Pages 608-618 Francisco J. Alvarez-Leefmans, José J. Herrera-Pérez, Martín S. Márquez and Víctor M. Blanco Abstract Regulation and maintenance of cell water volume and intracellular pH (pH) are vital functions that are interdependent; cell volume regulation affects, and is in turn affected by, changes in pH. Disruption of either function underlies various pathologies. To study the interaction and kinetics of these two mechanisms, we developed and validated a quantitative fluorescence imaging microscopy method to measure simultaneous changes in pH and volume in single cells loaded with the fluorescent probe BCECF. CWV is measured at the excitation isosbestic wavelength, whereas pH is determined ratiometrically. The method has a time resolution of <1s and sensitivity to osmotic changes of ∼1%. It can be applied in real time to virtually any cell type attached to a coverslip, independently of cellular shape and geometry. Calibration procedures and algorithms developed to transform fluorescence signals into changes in cell water volume () and examples of applications are presented. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (616 kb) |
| Quantification of Electroporative Uptake Kinetics and Electric Field Heterogeneity Effects in Cells Biophysical Journal, Volume 94, Issue 12, 15 June 2008, Pages 5018-5027 S.M. Kennedy, Z. Ji, J.C. Hedstrom, J.H. Booske and S.C. Hagness Abstract We have conducted experiments quantitatively investigating electroporative uptake kinetics of a fluorescent plasma membrane integrity indicator, propidium iodide (PI), in HL60 human leukemia cells resulting from exposure to 40s pulsed electric fields (PEFs). These experiments were possible through the use of calibrated, real-time fluorescence microscopy and the development of a microcuvette: a specialized device designed for exposing cell cultures to intense PEFs while carrying out real-time microscopy. A finite-element electrostatic simulation was carried out to assess the degree of electric field heterogeneity between the microcuvette's electrodes allowing us to correlate trends in electroporative response to electric field distribution. Analysis of experimental data identified two distinctive electroporative uptake signatures: one characterized by low-level, decelerating uptake beginning immediately after PEF exposure and the other by high-level, accelerating fluorescence that is manifested sometimes hundreds of seconds after PEF exposure. The qualitative nature of these fluorescence signatures was used to isolate the conditions required to induce exclusively transient electroporation and to discuss electropore stability and persistence. A range of electric field strengths resulting in transient electroporation was identified for HL60s under our experimental conditions existing between 1.6 and 2kV/cm. Quantitative analysis was used to determine that HL60s experiencing transient electroporation internalized between 50 and 125million nucleic acid-bound PI molecules per cell. Finally, we show that electric field heterogeneity may be used to elicit asymmetric electroporative PI uptake within cell cultures and within individual cells. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1249 kb) |
| Studying Molecular Motor-Based Cargo Transport: What Is Real and What Is Noise? Biophysical Journal, Volume 92, Issue 8, 15 April 2007, Pages 2953-2963 Dmitri Y. Petrov, Roop Mallik, George T. Shubeita, Michael Vershinin, Steven P. Gross and Clare C. Yu Abstract Noise is a major problem in analyzing tracking data of cargos moved by molecular motors. We use Bayesian statistics to incorporate what is known about the noise in parsing the trajectory of a cargo into a series of constant velocity segments. Tracks with just noise and no underlying motion are fit with constant velocity segments to produce a calibration curve of fit quality versus average segment duration. Fits to tracks of moving cargos are compared to the calibration curves with similar noise. The fit with the optimum number of constant velocity states has the least number of segments needed to match the fit quality of the calibration curve. We have tested this approach using tracks with known underlying motion generated by computer simulations and with a specially designed in vitro experiment. We present the results of using this parsing approach to analyze transport of lipid droplets in embryos. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (609 kb) |
Copyright © 1975 The Biophysical Society. All rights reserved.
Biophysical Journal, Volume 15, Issue 8, 753-763, 1 August 1975
doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(75)85852-8
Research Article
M.H. Cohen, D.J. Drage and A. Robertson
The design, calibration, and operation of a source of controlled amounts of cyclic AMP (c-AMP) are described. Typically, 1.5 s pulses containing 10(10)-10(-12) molecules of c-AMP can be delivered to a region about 10 mum in diameter on an agar plate. The resulting concentration profiles are given as functions of distance and time. The diffusion coefficient of c-AMP in agar was measured to be 0.97 times 10(-5) cm2-s-1 at 21 degrees C.